{
  "name": "kennedy",
  "layout": {
    "width": 800,
    "height": 180,
    "composition": "single",
    "column": [
      {
        "field": "percentage",
        "scale": {
          "domain": [
            35,
            95
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "haxis": {// horizontal axis design
      "grid": true,
      "gridColor": "#cccccc",
      "gridDash": [
        3,
        1
      ]
    }
  },
  "layer": [
    {
      "mark": {
        "type": "circle",// dot mark
        "color": {
          "value": "black"
        },
        "size": {
          "value": 80
        }
      },
      "text": [// axis values
        {
          "type": "on-axis",
          "field": "percentage",
          "values": [
            40,
            50,
            60,
            70,
            80,
            90
          ],
          "orient": "top",
          "padding": 10,
          "items": [
            {
              "fontSize": 13,
              "color": "black",
              "expression": "datum.value + '%'"
            }
          ]
        },
        {// general positionoing of mark labels
          "type": "on-mark",
          "field": "justice",
          "orient": "bottom-center",
          "dy": 20,
          "dx": -2,
          "values": [
            "Gorsuch",
            "White",
            "O'Connor",
            "Roberts",
            "Thomas",
            "Scalia",
            "Alito",
            "Blackmun",
            "Souter",
            "Brennan",
            "Kagan",
            "Sotomayor",
            "Marshall"
          ],
          "items": [
            {
              "fontWeight": 100,
              "fontSize": 13
            }
          ],
          "angle": 45
        },
        {// specific positioning of overlapping mark labels
          "type": "on-mark",
          "field": "justice",
          "orient": "bottom-center",
          "dy": 53,
          "dx": 29,
          "values": [
            "Rehnquist"
          ],
          "items": [
            {
              "fontWeight": 100,
              "fontSize": 13,
              "expression": "', ' + datum.value"
            }
          ],
          "angle": 45
        },
        {
          "type": "on-mark",
          "field": "justice",
          "orient": "bottom-center",
          "dy": 63,
          "dx": 39,
          "values": [
            "Breyer"
          ],
          "items": [
            {
              "fontWeight": 100,
              "fontSize": 13,
              "expression": "', ' + datum.value"
            }
          ],
          "angle": 45
        },
        {
          "type": "on-mark",
          "field": "justice",
          "orient": "bottom-center",
          "dy": 54,
          "dx": 30,
          "values": [
            "Stevens"
          ],
          "items": [
            {
              "fontWeight": 100,
              "fontSize": 13,
              "expression": "', ' + datum.value"
            }
          ],
          "angle": 45
        },
        {
          "type": "on-mark",
          "field": "justice",
          "orient": "bottom-center",
          "dy": 55,
          "dx": 33,
          "values": [
            "Ginsburg"
          ],
          "items": [
            {
              "fontWeight": 100,
              "fontSize": 13,
              "expression": "', ' + datum.value"
            }
          ],
          "angle": 45
        },
        {// special design for a mark label (Kennedy)
          "type": "on-mark",
          "field": "justice",
          "orient": "bottom-center",
          "dy": 15,
          "dx": -7,
          "width": 65,
          "values": [
            "Kennedy"
          ],
          "items": [
            {
              "fontWeight": 900,
              "fontSize": 13
            }
          ],
          "fill": "#ffe100",
          "padding": 5,
          "radius": 5,
          "angle": 45
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "nondata": {
    "items": [
      {// manually drawing an axis domain line
        "name": "domain",
        "type": "mark",
        "mark": {
          "shape": "rule",
          "stroke": "black"
        },
        "width": 800,
        "height": 1,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 106
      },
      {// nondata annotation
        "type": "text",
        "x": 9,
        "y": 75,
        "width": 240,
        "text": [
          {
            "align": "left",
            "fontColor": "#999999",
            "text": "Percentage of votes in the majority,
over each justice’s career",
            "lineHeight": "120%"
          }
        ],
        "box": {
          "fill": "white"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "title": {// title
    "width": 350,
    "items": [
      {
        "text": "In close decisions, Kennedy voted in the majority 76 percent of the time.",
        "fontSize": 22,
        "fontWeight": 700,
        "offset": 30
      }
    ]
  },
  "data": [// dataset for the visualization
    {
      "justice": "Gorsuch",
      "percentage": 82,
      "_index_": 0
    },
    {
      "justice": "Kennedy",
      "percentage": 76,
      "_index_": 1
    },
    {
      "justice": "White",
      "percentage": 68,
      "_index_": 2
    },
    {
      "justice": "O'Connor",
      "percentage": 66,
      "_index_": 3
    },
    {
      "justice": "Roberts",
      "percentage": 65,
      "_index_": 4
    },
    {
      "justice": "Rehnquist",
      "percentage": 65,
      "_index_": 5
    },
    {
      "justice": "Thomas",
      "percentage": 63,
      "_index_": 6
    },
    {
      "justice": "Scalia",
      "percentage": 62,
      "_index_": 7
    },
    {
      "justice": "Alito",
      "percentage": 61,
      "_index_": 8
    },
    {
      "justice": "Blackmun",
      "percentage": 57,
      "_index_": 9
    },
    {
      "justice": "Souter",
      "percentage": 47,
      "_index_": 10
    },
    {
      "justice": "Stevens",
      "percentage": 46,
      "_index_": 11
    },
    {
      "justice": "Brennan",
      "percentage": 46,
      "_index_": 12
    },
    {
      "justice": "Kagan",
      "percentage": 45,
      "_index_": 13
    },
    {
      "justice": "Sotomayor",
      "percentage": 44,
      "_index_": 14
    },
    {
      "justice": "Breyer",
      "percentage": 44,
      "_index_": 15
    },
    {
      "justice": "Ginsburg",
      "percentage": 42,
      "_index_": 16
    },
    {
      "justice": "Marshall",
      "percentage": 42,
      "_index_": 17
    }
  ]
}